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from Social Issues
Guide Me, O Thou Great APA
By Warren Throckmorton, PhD
August 10, 2004
All on the APA's working committee knew the outcome they supported before
they started "working." The committee should have been called the Same Sex
Marriage & Parenting Advocacy Committee.
Recently the leadership of the American Psychological Association approved
resolutions supporting same sex marriage and parenting. In the days since the
announcement, many in and out of the association have asked why the APA
leadership felt the need to get involved in this contentious issue. Good
question.
The APA news release announcing the policy move stated that the leadership
wanted to provide "policy recommendations for APA that would guide psychologists
in the current public debate over civil marriage for same-sex couples."
Psychologists need guidance? That's laughable.
Guiding psychologists is like herding cats. Children need guidance. Cattle need
guidance. Psychologists are not in their offices thinking, "You know, I am so
grateful that I know what to think about gay marriage now." I am not buying that
at all. While serving as president of the American Mental Health Counselors
Association, I observed that many mental health professionals are not content to
give advice in the consulting room. Many are closeted public policy wonks. In
other words, the APA leadership wants to guide you. Should you trust their
judgment?
Q - How many psychologists does it take to change a light bulb?
A - Can't say for sure, depends on the light bulb.
Psychologists are notorious for being tentative. So many in the public may
assume the recent same sex policy decisions were the result of a long process of
gathering high quality research to reach a broad professional consensus.
However, that is not how it happened.
Q - How many psychologists does it take to suggest social policy?
A - 166.
That's not a joke. Many people might assume that the APA membership would vote
on such important issues before the leadership would go public with a policy
statement. No so. No polling was done of the 150,000 members. Six committee
members recommended the resolution to the 160 members of the Council of
Representatives and by a show of hands the matter was done. So when APA
president Diane Halpern said to the USA Today newspaper that the APA was "going
out on a limb" to support same sex marriage and parenting, a more accurate
statement would be that the APA leadership had crawled out there without taking
into account where the members stood.
Such research on attitudes of psychologists toward these issues has been
conducted, but it was ignored. For instance in a 1999 Professional Psychology:
Research and Practice article, psychologists were asked in a survey to choose
between hypothetical gay and straight couples as a preferred adoption setting.
Most psychologists favored the straight couple, particularly for the adoption of
a female child.
Another assumption that the public might make is that the psychologists studying
such matters would be impartial or at least that several points of view would be
represented on a committee. Not so in this case.
The individuals who were members of the Working Group appointed by the APA were
all aligned with gay political objectives before they were named to the job.
There was no diversity of view or research perspective on this committee. Let
that sink in a minute. All on the committee knew the outcome they supported
before they started "working." The committee should have been called the Same
Sex Marriage & Parenting Advocacy Committee.
A third thing many people would assume is that the process of developing policy
on complex and controversial issues would require lengthy deliberation. Not so
in this case.
The working group was only convened in February of 2004. They had less than 6
months on task. The short time on the matter may explain why some pretty
important studies were omitted from consideration. For instance, the paper
supporting same sex marriage did not mention Stanley Kurtz's work on the impact
of same sex domestic partnerships in Europe. The paper supporting same sex
parenting did not mention a 1996 Children Australia study that compared children
of straight married, straight cohabiting and gay cohabiting couples on measures
of school performance, and social adjustment. The report by Sotirios Sarantakos
found that "in the majority of cases, the most successful are children of
married couples, followed by children of cohabiting (straight) couples and
finally by children of (cohabiting) homosexual couples."
Even if the APA committee disagreed with the study's findings, they should have
considered them. They did not. Space does not permit the examination of other
studies unconsidered by the APA committee. This is not the way to develop
professional consensus. A professional association that truly wanted to achieve
a scientific consensus would have incorporated a much more diverse working group
and taken much more time to consider research from all the social sciences.
Better yet, if the APA is really interested in guidance, I have a suggestion. To
help the public and fellow professionals really understand the nature of
professional consensus on any policy issue, let the membership be polled. Report
the results along with whatever committee position is taken, even if there is
disagreement.
Let the cats meow, even if they don't do it in unison.
Warren Throckmorton is director of college counseling and an associate professor
of psychology at Grove City College. His research "Initial Empirical and
Clinical Findings Concerning the Change Process for Ex-Gays," was published in
the June 2002 issue of the American Psychological Association's publication
Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. Learn about his new documentary
"I Do Exist" at www.idoexist.net.
Updated: 3 September 2008
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