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from Medical Issues
Recent Studies on
Homosexuality and Mental Health
By Dale O'Leary
In its October 1999 issue, Archives of General Psychiatry published some very
intriguing research on the relationship between homosexuality and mental-health
problems, reopening a very controversial subject.
Suicide Attempts. In a twin study, Herrell et al found that men with same-sex
partners were 6.5 times as likely as their co-twins to have attempted suicide.
The higher rate was not explained, however, by the subjects' mental-health or
substance-abuse disorders.
Mental-Health Problems. The second article reported on a New Zealand study which
followed 1007 individuals since birth. At age 21, the 28 subjects classified as
gay, lesbian or bisexual were significantly more likely to have had mental-health
problems than the 979 classed as heterosexual.
In a commentary, J. Bailey, who has published a number of studies on
homosexuality, wrote:
Several reactions to the new studies are predictable:
First, some mental health professionals who opposed the successful 1973
referendum to remove homosexuality from DSM-III will feel vindicated.
Second, some social conservatives will attribute the findings to the inevitable
consequences of the choice of a homosexual lifestyle.
Third, in stark contrast to the other two positions, many people will conclude
that widespread prejudice against homosexual people causes them to be unhappy, or
worse, mentally ill.
Commitment to any of these positions would be premature, however, and should be
discouraged. In fact, a number of potential interpretations of the findings need
to be considered, and progress toward scientific understanding will be achieved
only by eliminating competing explanations.
After looking at a number of other explanations, Bailey concludes,
It is unlikely that any one of these models will explain all of the differences
in the psychopathology between homosexual and heterosexual people. Perhaps
social ostracism causes gay men and lesbians to become depressed, but why would
it cause gay men to have eating disorders? Two things are certain, however.
First, more research is needed to understand the fascinating and important
findings of Fergusson et al and Herrell et al.
Second, it would be a shame, most of all for gay men and lesbians whose mental
health is at stake, if socio-political concerns prevented researchers from
conscientious consideration of any reasonable hypothesis.
What can we learn from these studies?
First, they confirm previous research on the relatively low incidence of
homosexuality in the general population. The incidence was 2.8% of the 1007
subjects in the New Zealand study (20 people who self-identified as gay, lesbian,
or bisexual and eight others who reported same-sex experience after age 16). Of
the 6,537 men in the Herrell et al study, only 120 reported any same-gender
partners (1.8%).
Second, contrary to claims made by gay activists, homosexually active persons as
a group appear to be less psychologically healthy than the general population.
Even if these problems could be proven to originate solely from social oppression
which created internalized homophobia, as claimed by gay activists, this question
would remain: "What is the proper response?"
If homosexual attraction were an untreatable, unchangeable condition, then
treating internalized homophobia would be the only remedy; but given the evidence
that homosexual attraction may be preventable, and that homosexuality can in many
cases (though certainly not all) be successfully treated in adulthood--then given
the risks associated with homosexual attraction, shouldn't the public be fully
informed of the options?
References:
"Sexual Orientation and Suicidality," Archives of General Psychiatry,
Oct. 1999, Vol. 56, No. 10, pages 867 - 888. Related articles in the same issue
were:
"A Co-twin Control Study in Adult Men" by R. Herrell, J. Goldberg, W. True, V.
Ramakrishnan, M. Lyons, S. Eisen, M. Tsuang.
"Is Sexual Orientation Related to Mental Health Problems and Suicidality in Young
People?" by D. Fergusson, L. Horwood, A. Beautrais.
"Homosexuality, Psychopathology, and Suicidality," R. Friedman.
Suicide and Sexual Orientation," G. Remafedi.
"Homosexuality and Mental Illness," J. Bailey.
Updated: 3 September 2008
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